Table of Contents

b'\n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Basic Properties of Matter
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Gases
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Liquids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Solids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Changes of State
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Physical Changes Accompanying Heating and Cooling
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Diffusion and Dissolving
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Gas Laws. Part I
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
States of Matter :: Gas Laws. Part II
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures :: Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures :: Chemical Compounds
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures :: Mixtures
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: Early Atomic Theories
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: The Structure of the Atom
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: Relative Atomic Mass
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: Continuous and Line Spectra
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: The Bohr Model of the Atom
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: The Electron Configuration of an Atom
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Ionic Bonding. Part I
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Ionic Bonding. Part II
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Covalent Bonding. Part I
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Covalent Bonding. Part II
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Simple and Giant Molecular Solids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Allotropes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Metallic Bonding
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Alloys
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Representing Chemical Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Representing Chemical Reactions :: Chemical and Physical Change
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Representing Chemical Reactions :: Chemical Equations
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Representing Chemical Reactions :: Reaction Types
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Quantitative Aspects of Chemical Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Quantitative Aspects of Chemical Reactions :: Atomic and Molecular Mass
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Quantitative Aspects of Chemical Reactions :: The Mole
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Quantitative Aspects of Chemical Reactions :: Using the Mole Concept
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Properties of Acids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Properties of Bases
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Indicators and pH
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Neutralization Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Salts
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Reactions of Acids and Bases
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Acid-base Titration
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Water and Aqueous Solutions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Water and Aqueous Solutions :: Properties of Water
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Water and Aqueous Solutions :: Solubility in Water
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Water and Aqueous Solutions :: Natural Waters
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Water and Aqueous Solutions :: Colloids. Washing in Water.
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: The Periodic Table
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Noble Gases
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Alkali Metals
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Ractions of Alkali Metals
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Alkaline Earth Metals. Group 2
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Halogens. Group 17
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Reactions of the Halogens
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties of the Elements :: Transition Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reactivity of Metals
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reactivity of Metals :: The Reactivity Series
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reactivity of Metals :: Reactions Involving Metals
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reactivity of Metals :: Electrochemical Cells
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrolysis
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrolysis :: The Conductivity of Electrolytes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrolysis :: Electrolysis
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrolysis :: The Applications of Electrolysis and Calculations Connected with Electrolysis
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Chemistry
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Chemistry :: Alcohols
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Chemistry :: Alkanes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Chemistry :: Alkenes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Chemistry :: Carboxylic Acids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Chemistry :: Isomerism of Alkanes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions :: Catalysts
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions :: Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions :: Enzymes - Biological Catalysts
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions :: Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions :: Reaction Rate
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Reactions :: Reversible Reactions and Chemical Equilibrium
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Organic Sources
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Organic Sources :: Cracking and Combustion of Hydrocarbons
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Organic Sources :: Enviromental Impact of Oil Products
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Organic Sources :: Fossil Fuels and Crude Oil
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Organic Sources :: Polymers
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks :: Aluminum
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks :: Cooper and Titanium
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks :: Industrial Uses of Limestone
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks :: Iron
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks :: Metals from Metal Ores
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Rocks :: Sulfur and Sulfuric Acid
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Air
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Air :: Air
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Air :: Ammonia and Nitric Acid
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Useful Products from Air :: Fertilizers
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Food and Drugs
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Food and Drugs :: Carbohydrates
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Food and Drugs :: Fats
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Food and Drugs :: Food and Drugs
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Food and Drugs :: Proteins
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Igneous Rocks
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Metamorphic Rocks and the Rock Cycle
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Oceans
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Sedimentary Rocks. Part I
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Sedimentary Rocks. Part II
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Tectonic Movements, Earthquakes and Volcanoes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: Tectonic Plates
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: The Atmosphere
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemistry and the Earth :: The Structure of Earth
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Laboratory Techniques and Analytical Tests
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Laboratory Techniques and Analytical Tests :: Gases: Handling and Laboratory Tests
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Laboratory Techniques and Analytical Tests :: Handling Liquids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Laboratory Techniques and Analytical Tests :: Handling Solids. Heating
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Laboratory Techniques and Analytical Tests :: Testing for Ions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Safety in the Chemical Laboratory
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Safety in the Chemical Laboratory :: Safety in the Chemical Laboratory
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: Electron Configuration of Atoms
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: Development of Atomic Theory and Radioactivity
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: The Structure of the Atom
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Atomic Structure :: Atomic Spectra
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Electronegativity and Polarity
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Molecular Shapes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Valence Bond Theory and Hybridization
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Bonding :: Types of Bonding
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Phases and Phase Changes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Phases and Phase Changes :: Phase Changes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Phases and Phase Changes :: Gas Laws
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Phases and Phase Changes :: Intermolecular Forces
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Phases and Phase Changes :: The Structure of Solids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Phases and Phase Changes :: States of Matter
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Stoichiometric Calculations
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Stoichiometric Calculations :: Practical Importance of the Mole
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Stoichiometric Calculations :: Chemical Equations
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Stoichiometric Calculations :: Concentration
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Stoichiometric Calculations :: The Mole
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: The Periodic Table of Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: The Trends in the Properties of the Elements in Period 3
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: Periodic Trends in the Chemical Properties of Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: The s-block Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: Chemical Properties of s-Block Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: Elements of Group 17
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
The Periodic Table :: Reactions of Halogens
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Transition Metals
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Transition Metals :: Electron Configuration and Periodic Trends of Transition Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Transition Metals :: Transition Metal Complexes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Enthalpy Changes in the Solution Process
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Enthalpy Change and Calorimetry
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Average Bond Enthalpies
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Entropy
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Born-Haber Cycle
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Free Energy
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Thermodynamics :: Standard Enthalpy Change and Hess's Law
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Oxidation and Reduction
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Oxidation and Reduction :: Oxidation State
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Oxidation and Reduction :: Redox Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Oxidation and Reduction :: Oxidation States of Transition Elements
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Oxidation and Reduction :: Extraction of Metals. Part I
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Oxidation and Reduction :: Extraction of Metals. Part II
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrochemistry
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrochemistry :: Standard Electrochemical Potential
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrochemistry :: Electrochemical Series
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Electrochemistry :: Voltaic Cells
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics :: Catalysts and Enzymes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics :: Effect of Concentration on the Reaction Rate. Rate Equation
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics :: Effect of Temperature and Catalysts on the Reaction Rate
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics :: Reaction Rate
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics :: Determination of Reaction Order
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction Kinetics :: Collision Theory
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Equilibria
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Equilibria :: Chemical Equilibrium in a Gas Phase
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Equilibria :: Chemical Equilibrium and Equlibrium Constant
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Chemical Equilibria :: Factors Affecting the Chemical Equilibrium
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Titration Curves
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Salts in Water Solution
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Weak Acids and Weak Bases
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Buffers
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: pH as the Universal Acidity Measure
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Br\xc3\xb8nsted\xe2\x80\x93Lowry Theory of Acids and Bases
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Acid-Base Titration
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Acids, Bases and Salts :: Dissociation of Acids, Bases, and Salts
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction of Metal Ions in Water Solution
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction of Metal Ions in Water Solution :: Ligand Exchange Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Reaction of Metal Ions in Water Solution :: Acid-Base Reactions of Metal Ions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Alkenes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Ethanol
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Reactions of Alcohols
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Alcohols
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Chemistry of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Alkene Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Reactions of Haloalkanes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Hydrocarbons As Fuel
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Petroleum As the Source of Hydrocarbons
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Hydrocarbons :: Haloalkanes
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Compounds with the Carbonyl Group
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Compounds with the Carbonyl Group :: Carboxylic Acids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Compounds with the Carbonyl Group :: Aldehydes and Ketones
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Compounds with the Carbonyl Group :: Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Compounds with the Carbonyl Group :: Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Aromatic Compounds
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Aromatic Compounds :: Benzene
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Aromatic Compounds :: Electrophilic Substitution
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Compounds of Nitrogen
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Compounds of Nitrogen :: The Structure and Properties of Amines
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Compounds of Nitrogen :: Amino Acids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Organic Compounds of Nitrogen :: Reactions and Preparation of Amines and Amides
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Biologically Important Chemical Compounds
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Biologically Important Chemical Compounds :: Proteins and Nucleic Acids
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Biologically Important Chemical Compounds :: Fats and Sugars
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Polymers
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Polymers :: Polymer Types and Addition Polymers
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Polymers :: Condensation Polymers
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
General Topics in Organic Chemistry
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
General Topics in Organic Chemistry :: Organic Reactions
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
General Topics in Organic Chemistry :: Organic Molecules
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
General Topics in Organic Chemistry :: Naming Organic Compounds
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
General Topics in Organic Chemistry :: Isomerism
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
General Topics in Organic Chemistry :: Analytical Tests in Organic Chemistry
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Spectrometric Techniques
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Spectrometric Techniques :: Absorption of Visible, Light, Colorimetry
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Environmental Pollution by Chemical Products
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n\n\t\n\t\t\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Environmental Pollution by Chemical Products :: Pollution of Water
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Environmental Pollution by Chemical Products :: Pollution of Land
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n \n\n
\n
\n \n\n \n
\n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t
\n\t\t
Environmental Pollution by Chemical Products :: Pollution of Air
\n\t
\n\n\t\n\n\n\n
\n \n
\n\n
\n \n
\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n\t\n\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n
\n

Course topics

\n

\n \n \n \n reaction,\n \n \n \n \n \n metal,\n \n \n \n \n \n acid,\n \n \n \n \n \n water,\n \n \n \n \n \n bond,\n \n \n \n \n \n table,\n \n \n \n \n \n group,\n \n \n \n \n \n periodic,\n \n \n \n \n \n element,\n \n \n \n \n \n compound,\n \n \n \n \n \n atom,\n \n \n \n \n \n base,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n electron,\n \n \n \n \n \n ion,\n \n \n \n \n \n solution,\n \n \n \n \n \n molecule,\n \n \n \n \n \n gas,\n \n \n \n \n \n properties,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbon,\n \n \n \n \n \n energy,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemical,\n \n \n \n \n \n structure,\n \n \n \n \n \n elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n ionic,\n \n \n \n \n \n acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n mass,\n \n \n \n \n \n molecular,\n \n \n \n \n \n volume,\n \n \n \n \n \n configuration,\n \n \n \n \n \n point,\n \n \n \n \n \n theory,\n \n \n \n \n \n atomic,\n \n \n \n \n \n salt,\n \n \n \n \n \n part,\n \n \n \n \n \n solid,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrocarbon,\n \n \n \n \n \n weak,\n \n \n \n \n \n strong,\n \n \n \n \n \n temperature,\n \n \n \n \n \n solubility,\n \n \n \n \n \n bonding,\n \n \n \n \n \n covalent,\n \n \n \n \n \n earth,\n \n \n \n \n \n state,\n \n \n \n \n \n product,\n \n \n \n \n \n formula,\n \n \n \n \n \n block,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxidation,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n equation,\n \n \n \n \n \n pH,\n \n \n \n \n \n matter,\n \n \n \n \n \n liquid,\n \n \n \n \n \n rate,\n \n \n \n \n \n nomenclature,\n \n \n \n \n \n period,\n \n \n \n \n \n concentration,\n \n \n \n \n \n charge,\n \n \n \n \n \n organic,\n \n \n \n \n \n isomerism,\n \n \n \n \n \n number,\n \n \n \n \n \n pressure,\n \n \n \n \n \n dissociation,\n \n \n \n \n \n melting,\n \n \n \n \n \n addition,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactant,\n \n \n \n \n \n catalyst,\n \n \n \n \n \n bases,\n \n \n \n \n \n boiling,\n \n \n \n \n \n titration,\n \n \n \n \n \n mole,\n \n \n \n \n \n metals,\n \n \n \n \n \n molar,\n \n \n \n \n \n equilibrium,\n \n \n \n \n \n reduction,\n \n \n \n \n \n ore,\n \n \n \n \n \n extraction,\n \n \n \n \n \n effect,\n \n \n \n \n \n dioxide,\n \n \n \n \n \n neutralisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n enthalpy,\n \n \n \n \n \n rock,\n \n \n \n \n \n types,\n \n \n \n \n \n polymer,\n \n \n \n \n \n non,\n \n \n \n \n \n molarity,\n \n \n \n \n \n alcohol,\n \n \n \n \n \n ammonia,\n \n \n \n \n \n force,\n \n \n \n \n \n conductivity,\n \n \n \n \n \n oil,\n \n \n \n \n \n transition,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactivity,\n \n \n \n \n \n synthesis,\n \n \n \n \n \n indicator,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxygen,\n \n \n \n \n \n phase,\n \n \n \n \n \n polymerisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n cation,\n \n \n \n \n \n anion,\n \n \n \n \n \n air,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrolysis,\n \n \n \n \n \n redox,\n \n \n \n \n \n protein,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n substitution,\n \n \n \n \n \n polymers,\n \n \n \n \n \n s-block,\n \n \n \n \n \n copper,\n \n \n \n \n \n density,\n \n \n \n \n \n process,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbonyl,\n \n \n \n \n \n fermentation,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrical,\n \n \n \n \n \n carboxylic,\n \n \n \n \n \n aromatic,\n \n \n \n \n \n tectonic,\n \n \n \n \n \n light,\n \n \n \n \n \n complex,\n \n \n \n \n \n haloalkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n salts,\n \n \n \n \n \n changes,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemistry,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrocarbons,\n \n \n \n \n \n mechanism,\n \n \n \n \n \n rocks,\n \n \n \n \n \n multiple,\n \n \n \n \n \n valence,\n \n \n \n \n \n aluminium,\n \n \n \n \n \n Avogadro,\n \n \n \n \n \n iron,\n \n \n \n \n \n kinetic,\n \n \n \n \n \n atmosphere,\n \n \n \n \n \n secondary,\n \n \n \n \n \n primary,\n \n \n \n \n \n tertiary,\n \n \n \n \n \n trends,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkane,\n \n \n \n \n \n alcohols,\n \n \n \n \n \n cell,\n \n \n \n \n \n solids,\n \n \n \n \n \n model,\n \n \n \n \n \n stoichiometric,\n \n \n \n \n \n pollution,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxide,\n \n \n \n \n \n enzymes,\n \n \n \n \n \n fossil,\n \n \n \n \n \n series,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydroxide,\n \n \n \n \n \n current,\n \n \n \n \n \n derivative,\n \n \n \n \n \n collision,\n \n \n \n \n \n natural,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemical properties of s-block elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n symbol,\n \n \n \n \n \n dissolution,\n \n \n \n \n \n dilution,\n \n \n \n \n \n catalysts,\n \n \n \n \n \n calculation,\n \n \n \n \n \n orbital,\n \n \n \n \n \n halide,\n \n \n \n \n \n electronegativity,\n \n \n \n \n \n condensation,\n \n \n \n \n \n reversible,\n \n \n \n \n \n irreversible,\n \n \n \n \n \n aldehydes,\n \n \n \n \n \n ketones,\n \n \n \n \n \n source,\n \n \n \n \n \n body,\n \n \n \n \n \n soap,\n \n \n \n \n \n handling,\n \n \n \n \n \n limestone,\n \n \n \n \n \n structural,\n \n \n \n \n \n sulfur,\n \n \n \n \n \n functional,\n \n \n \n \n \n isomer,\n \n \n \n \n \n change,\n \n \n \n \n \n distillation,\n \n \n \n \n \n crude,\n \n \n \n \n \n combustion,\n \n \n \n \n \n amides,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkenes,\n \n \n \n \n \n ligand,\n \n \n \n \n \n ester,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkene,\n \n \n \n \n \n colloid,\n \n \n \n \n \n potential,\n \n \n \n \n \n gases,\n \n \n \n \n \n sedimentary,\n \n \n \n \n \n crust,\n \n \n \n \n \n curve,\n \n \n \n \n \n blocks,\n \n \n \n \n \n mantle,\n \n \n \n \n \n law,\n \n \n \n \n \n steel,\n \n \n \n \n \n diffusion,\n \n \n \n \n \n surface,\n \n \n \n \n \n isotope,\n \n \n \n \n \n mixture,\n \n \n \n \n \n elimination,\n \n \n \n \n \n agent,\n \n \n \n \n \n nucleophilic,\n \n \n \n \n \n electromotive,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrochemical,\n \n \n \n \n \n layer,\n \n \n \n \n \n coordinate,\n \n \n \n \n \n metalic,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrovalent,\n \n \n \n \n \n types of bonding,\n \n \n \n \n \n ammonium,\n \n \n \n \n \n aliphatic,\n \n \n \n \n \n amines,\n \n \n \n \n \n sea,\n \n \n \n \n \n acid-base,\n \n \n \n \n \n fuel,\n \n \n \n \n \n methane,\n \n \n \n \n \n octane,\n \n \n \n \n \n cracking,\n \n \n \n \n \n measure,\n \n \n \n \n \n Boyle,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbocation,\n \n \n \n \n \n empirical,\n \n \n \n \n \n equations,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemical equations,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrode,\n \n \n \n \n \n nitrogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n cycloalkane,\n \n \n \n \n \n cycloalkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n voltaic,\n \n \n \n \n \n homologous,\n \n \n \n \n \n titanium,\n \n \n \n \n \n radii,\n \n \n \n \n \n halogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n metallic,\n \n \n \n \n \n polar,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrophilic,\n \n \n \n \n \n radioactivity,\n \n \n \n \n \n food,\n \n \n \n \n \n drug,\n \n \n \n \n \n human,\n \n \n \n \n \n bacteria,\n \n \n \n \n \n vitamin,\n \n \n \n \n \n drugs,\n \n \n \n \n \n antibiotics,\n \n \n \n \n \n antioxidant,\n \n \n \n \n \n preservative,\n \n \n \n \n \n aspirin,\n \n \n \n \n \n food and drugs,\n \n \n \n \n \n colloids,\n \n \n \n \n \n relative,\n \n \n \n \n \n radius,\n \n \n \n \n \n conductor,\n \n \n \n \n \n heterogeneous,\n \n \n \n \n \n homogeneous,\n \n \n \n \n \n environmental,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbonate,\n \n \n \n \n \n stable,\n \n \n \n \n \n bonding.,\n \n \n \n \n \n ionic bonding,\n \n \n \n \n \n precipitation,\n \n \n \n \n \n compounds,\n \n \n \n \n \n noble,\n \n \n \n \n \n passivation,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkali,\n \n \n \n \n \n particle,\n \n \n \n \n \n Le,\n \n \n \n \n \n Chatelier,\n \n \n \n \n \n optical,\n \n \n \n \n \n dissolving,\n \n \n \n \n \n factors,\n \n \n \n \n \n affecting,\n \n \n \n \n \n inorganic,\n \n \n \n \n \n earthquake,\n \n \n \n \n \n formulae,\n \n \n \n \n \n scale,\n \n \n \n \n \n fission,\n \n \n \n \n \n homolytic,\n \n \n \n \n \n absorption,\n \n \n \n \n \n complexes,\n \n \n \n \n \n transition metal complexes,\n \n \n \n \n \n carboxylic acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n endothermic,\n \n \n \n \n \n exothermic,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrolysis,\n \n \n \n \n \n sucrose,\n \n \n \n \n \n corrosion,\n \n \n \n \n \n ethanol,\n \n \n \n \n \n methanol,\n \n \n \n \n \n products,\n \n \n \n \n \n halogene,\n \n \n \n \n \n resonance,\n \n \n \n \n \n specific,\n \n \n \n \n \n alcoholic,\n \n \n \n \n \n enzyme,\n \n \n \n \n \n selective,\n \n \n \n \n \n biological,\n \n \n \n \n \n enzymes - biological catalysts,\n \n \n \n \n \n laboratory,\n \n \n \n \n \n solvent,\n \n \n \n \n \n separation,\n \n \n \n \n \n mortar,\n \n \n \n \n \n test,\n \n \n \n \n \n electric,\n \n \n \n \n \n aqueous,\n \n \n \n \n \n chain,\n \n \n \n \n \n halogens,\n \n \n \n \n \n plate,\n \n \n \n \n \n proton,\n \n \n \n \n \n rain,\n \n \n \n \n \n greenhouse,\n \n \n \n \n \n liquids,\n \n \n \n \n \n saturated,\n \n \n \n \n \n reaction rate,\n \n \n \n \n \n sulfuric,\n \n \n \n \n \n derivatives,\n \n \n \n \n \n chloride,\n \n \n \n \n \n acyl,\n \n \n \n \n \n anhydride,\n \n \n \n \n \n nitriles,\n \n \n \n \n \n Functional derivatives of carboxylic acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n recycling,\n \n \n \n \n \n standard,\n \n \n \n \n \n heating,\n \n \n \n \n \n ions,\n \n \n \n \n \n land,\n \n \n \n \n \n acid-base titration,\n \n \n \n \n \n burette,\n \n \n \n \n \n concept,\n \n \n \n \n \n using,\n \n \n \n \n \n using the mole concept,\n \n \n \n \n \n anode,\n \n \n \n \n \n mineral,\n \n \n \n \n \n cooling,\n \n \n \n \n \n constant,\n \n \n \n \n \n polyethene,\n \n \n \n \n \n poly(propene),\n \n \n \n \n \n poly(phenylethene),\n \n \n \n \n \n poly(chloroethene),\n \n \n \n \n \n poly(tetrafluoroethene),\n \n \n \n \n \n polymer types,\n \n \n \n \n \n addition polymers,\n \n \n \n \n \n lattice,\n \n \n \n \n \n acylation,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkylation,\n \n \n \n \n \n shape,\n \n \n \n \n \n free,\n \n \n \n \n \n dynamic,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbohydrates,\n \n \n \n \n \n Pascal,\n \n \n \n \n \n fat,\n \n \n \n \n \n fats,\n \n \n \n \n \n radical,\n \n \n \n \n \n marble,\n \n \n \n \n \n volcanic,\n \n \n \n \n \n percent,\n \n \n \n \n \n tests,\n \n \n \n \n \n pi,\n \n \n \n \n \n hybridization,\n \n \n \n \n \n sigma,\n \n \n \n \n \n Valence bond theory and hybridization,\n \n \n \n \n \n Quaternary,\n \n \n \n \n \n Structure and properties of amines,\n \n \n \n \n \n line,\n \n \n \n \n \n electromagnetic,\n \n \n \n \n \n spectra,\n \n \n \n \n \n pair,\n \n \n \n \n \n shapes,\n \n \n \n \n \n VSEPR,\n \n \n \n \n \n molecular shapes,\n \n \n \n \n \n physical,\n \n \n \n \n \n states,\n \n \n \n \n \n ozone,\n \n \n \n \n \n crystal,\n \n \n \n \n \n Charles,\n \n \n \n \n \n laws,\n \n \n \n \n \n carboxyl,\n \n \n \n \n \n heat,\n \n \n \n \n \n electricity,\n \n \n \n \n \n conducting,\n \n \n \n \n \n malleable,\n \n \n \n \n \n metallic bonding,\n \n \n \n \n \n analytical,\n \n \n \n \n \n importance,\n \n \n \n \n \n practical,\n \n \n \n \n \n gaseous,\n \n \n \n \n \n practical importance of the mole,\n \n \n \n \n \n metamorphic,\n \n \n \n \n \n substance,\n \n \n \n \n \n cells,\n \n \n \n \n \n cathode,\n \n \n \n \n \n stability,\n \n \n \n \n \n Markovnikov,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkene reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n layers,\n \n \n \n \n \n hardness,\n \n \n \n \n \n Thomson,\n \n \n \n \n \n Rutherford,\n \n \n \n \n \n mean,\n \n \n \n \n \n enthalpies,\n \n \n \n \n \n mean bond enthalpies,\n \n \n \n \n \n haloalkane,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions of haloalkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrogenation,\n \n \n \n \n \n pet,\n \n \n \n \n \n polyester,\n \n \n \n \n \n condensation polymers,\n \n \n \n \n \n polyamide,\n \n \n \n \n \n polycarbonate,\n \n \n \n \n \n biodegradability,\n \n \n \n \n \n spectrometer,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrolytic,\n \n \n \n \n \n Dissociation of acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n bases and salts,\n \n \n \n \n \n coal,\n \n \n \n \n \n fuels,\n \n \n \n \n \n fossil fuels and crude oil,\n \n \n \n \n \n properties of acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n double,\n \n \n \n \n \n metals.,\n \n \n \n \n \n Extraction of metals. Part II,\n \n \n \n \n \n classify,\n \n \n \n \n \n the periodic table of the elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n proteins,\n \n \n \n \n \n shell,\n \n \n \n \n \n atoms,\n \n \n \n \n \n spin,\n \n \n \n \n \n subshell,\n \n \n \n \n \n Pauli,\n \n \n \n \n \n Electron configuration of atoms,\n \n \n \n \n \n forces,\n \n \n \n \n \n dispersion,\n \n \n \n \n \n intermolecular,\n \n \n \n \n \n intermolecular forces,\n \n \n \n \n \n dipol,\n \n \n \n \n \n petrol,\n \n \n \n \n \n petroleum,\n \n \n \n \n \n reforming,\n \n \n \n \n \n petroleum as the source of hydrocarbons,\n \n \n \n \n \n value,\n \n \n \n \n \n weak acids and weak bases,\n \n \n \n \n \n reducing,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxidizing,\n \n \n \n \n \n redox reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n the periodic table,\n \n \n \n \n \n periodic table,\n \n \n \n \n \n Mendeleev,\n \n \n \n \n \n branch,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkanes and cycloalkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n atomic and molecular mass,\n \n \n \n \n \n elementary,\n \n \n \n \n \n the structure of the atom,\n \n \n \n \n \n spectrometry,\n \n \n \n \n \n benzene,\n \n \n \n \n \n ionisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n the trends in the properties of the elements in period 3,\n \n \n \n \n \n Catalysts,\n \n \n \n \n \n inhibitors,\n \n \n \n \n \n autocatalysis,\n \n \n \n \n \n OH,\n \n \n \n \n \n salts in water solution,\n \n \n \n \n \n unit,\n \n \n \n \n \n the mole,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxidation state,\n \n \n \n \n \n nonmetals,\n \n \n \n \n \n ethene,\n \n \n \n \n \n occurrence,\n \n \n \n \n \n aldehydes and ketones,\n \n \n \n \n \n applications,\n \n \n \n \n \n calculations,\n \n \n \n \n \n brine,\n \n \n \n \n \n connected,\n \n \n \n \n \n coulomb,\n \n \n \n \n \n faraday,\n \n \n \n \n \n galvanoplastic,\n \n \n \n \n \n applications of electrolysis and calculations connected with electrolysis,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrogencarbonate,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions of acids and bases,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycerine,\n \n \n \n \n \n polyhydric,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions of alcohols,\n \n \n \n \n \n washing,\n \n \n \n \n \n detergent,\n \n \n \n \n \n coagulation,\n \n \n \n \n \n emulsion,\n \n \n \n \n \n washing in water,\n \n \n \n \n \n classification,\n \n \n \n \n \n naming,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkyl,\n \n \n \n \n \n iupac,\n \n \n \n \n \n naming organic compounds,\n \n \n \n \n \n the reactivity series,\n \n \n \n \n \n fraction,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemical equilibrium in a gas phase,\n \n \n \n \n \n properties of bases,\n \n \n \n \n \n factor,\n \n \n \n \n \n factors affecting reaction rate,\n \n \n \n \n \n periodic trends in the chemical properties of elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n transfer,\n \n \n \n \n \n volcano,\n \n \n \n \n \n movement,\n \n \n \n \n \n lava,\n \n \n \n \n \n sensor,\n \n \n \n \n \n epicentre,\n \n \n \n \n \n earthquakes,\n \n \n \n \n \n volcanoes,\n \n \n \n \n \n eruption,\n \n \n \n \n \n movements,\n \n \n \n \n \n tectonic movements,\n \n \n \n \n \n earthquakes and volcanoes,\n \n \n \n \n \n molecules,\n \n \n \n \n \n organic molecules,\n \n \n \n \n \n vapor,\n \n \n \n \n \n phase changes,\n \n \n \n \n \n cracking and combustion of hydrocarbons,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemistry of alkanes and cycloalkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n rust,\n \n \n \n \n \n involving,\n \n \n \n \n \n predicting,\n \n \n \n \n \n predicting reactions involving metals,\n \n \n \n \n \n acidity,\n \n \n \n \n \n universal,\n \n \n \n \n \n logarithm,\n \n \n \n \n \n pH as the universal acidity measure,\n \n \n \n \n \n amino acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n amino,\n \n \n \n \n \n peptide,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrophoresis,\n \n \n \n \n \n isoelectric,\n \n \n \n \n \n s-Block elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n effective,\n \n \n \n \n \n inhibitor,\n \n \n \n \n \n calalytic,\n \n \n \n \n \n converter,\n \n \n \n \n \n neutralization,\n \n \n \n \n \n neutralization reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n impact,\n \n \n \n \n \n environmental impact of oil products,\n \n \n \n \n \n polymerization,\n \n \n \n \n \n bonds,\n \n \n \n \n \n monomer,\n \n \n \n \n \n thermoplastic,\n \n \n \n \n \n thermosetting,\n \n \n \n \n \n copolymer,\n \n \n \n \n \n cyanide,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrogensulphite,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions of aldehydes and ketones,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions of alkali metals,\n \n \n \n \n \n motorisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrocarbons as fuel,\n \n \n \n \n \n displacement,\n \n \n \n \n \n reaction types,\n \n \n \n \n \n mixing,\n \n \n \n \n \n diffusion and dissolving,\n \n \n \n \n \n electron configuration and periodic trends of transition elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n handling and laboratory tests,\n \n \n \n \n \n thermal,\n \n \n \n \n \n decompozition,\n \n \n \n \n \n age,\n \n \n \n \n \n clay,\n \n \n \n \n \n sandstone,\n \n \n \n \n \n epoch,\n \n \n \n \n \n sedimentary rocks part II,\n \n \n \n \n \n lewis,\n \n \n \n \n \n diatomic,\n \n \n \n \n \n covalent bondin,\n \n \n \n \n \n part I,\n \n \n \n \n \n filtration,\n \n \n \n \n \n filter,\n \n \n \n \n \n decantation,\n \n \n \n \n \n tarring,\n \n \n \n \n \n evaporator,\n \n \n \n \n \n handling solids. heating,\n \n \n \n \n \n nugget,\n \n \n \n \n \n patina,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrorefining,\n \n \n \n \n \n copper and titanium,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkali metals,\n \n \n \n \n \n testing,\n \n \n \n \n \n sulfate,\n \n \n \n \n \n testing for ions,\n \n \n \n \n \n curves,\n \n \n \n \n \n titration curves,\n \n \n \n \n \n form,\n \n \n \n \n \n diamond,\n \n \n \n \n \n graphite,\n \n \n \n \n \n allotropy,\n \n \n \n \n \n tetrahedral,\n \n \n \n \n \n allotropes,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrolytes,\n \n \n \n \n \n conductivity of electrolytes,\n \n \n \n \n \n activity,\n \n \n \n \n \n geometric,\n \n \n \n \n \n stereoisomerism,\n \n \n \n \n \n enthalpy changes in the solution process,\n \n \n \n \n \n reagent,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemical and physical change,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydrochloric,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions of the halogens,\n \n \n \n \n \n transport,\n \n \n \n \n \n ice,\n \n \n \n \n \n erosion,\n \n \n \n \n \n wind,\n \n \n \n \n \n weathering,\n \n \n \n \n \n sedimentary rocks part I,\n \n \n \n \n \n gold,\n \n \n \n \n \n mercury,\n \n \n \n \n \n core,\n \n \n \n \n \n inner,\n \n \n \n \n \n the structure of the earth,\n \n \n \n \n \n safety,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemicals,\n \n \n \n \n \n safety in the chemical laboratory,\n \n \n \n \n \n aluminum,\n \n \n \n \n \n catode,\n \n \n \n \n \n plant,\n \n \n \n \n \n deposit,\n \n \n \n \n \n nutrition,\n \n \n \n \n \n calcium,\n \n \n \n \n \n fertilizers,\n \n \n \n \n \n fertilizer,\n \n \n \n \n \n magnesium,\n \n \n \n \n \n composting,\n \n \n \n \n \n Hess,\n \n \n \n \n \n Hess\xe2\x80\x99s,\n \n \n \n \n \n standard enthalpy change,\n \n \n \n \n \n Hess\xe2\x80\x99s law,\n \n \n \n \n \n power,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrochemical series,\n \n \n \n \n \n serie,\n \n \n \n \n \n dimerisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n factors affecting the chemical equilibrium,\n \n \n \n \n \n alloys,\n \n \n \n \n \n brass,\n \n \n \n \n \n duralumin,\n \n \n \n \n \n heavy,\n \n \n \n \n \n pesticide,\n \n \n \n \n \n eutrophication,\n \n \n \n \n \n purification,\n \n \n \n \n \n pollution of water,\n \n \n \n \n \n indicators,\n \n \n \n \n \n phenolphthalein,\n \n \n \n \n \n indicators and pH,\n \n \n \n \n \n Chemical equilibrium and equilibrium constant,\n \n \n \n \n \n nuclei,\n \n \n \n \n \n structure of the atom,\n \n \n \n \n \n cycle,\n \n \n \n \n \n Born-Haber,\n \n \n \n \n \n atomisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n born\xe2\x80\x93haber,\n \n \n \n \n \n Born-Haber cycle,\n \n \n \n \n \n buffer,\n \n \n \n \n \n buffers,\n \n \n \n \n \n preparation,\n \n \n \n \n \n amides amines and amides,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactions and preparation,\n \n \n \n \n \n bromine,\n \n \n \n \n \n solubility in water,\n \n \n \n \n \n activation,\n \n \n \n \n \n endothermic and exothermic reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n soluble,\n \n \n \n \n \n tension,\n \n \n \n \n \n cellulose,\n \n \n \n \n \n glucose,\n \n \n \n \n \n carbohydrate,\n \n \n \n \n \n starch,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycogen,\n \n \n \n \n \n lactose,\n \n \n \n \n \n saccharide,\n \n \n \n \n \n diagram,\n \n \n \n \n \n collision theory,\n \n \n \n \n \n reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium,\n \n \n \n \n \n distilled,\n \n \n \n \n \n pure,\n \n \n \n \n \n properties of water,\n \n \n \n \n \n mixtures,\n \n \n \n \n \n chromatography,\n \n \n \n \n \n crystallisation,\n \n \n \n \n \n metabolism,\n \n \n \n \n \n glycerol,\n \n \n \n \n \n lipid,\n \n \n \n \n \n unsaturated,\n \n \n \n \n \n cis,\n \n \n \n \n \n trans,\n \n \n \n \n \n slow,\n \n \n \n \n \n fast,\n \n \n \n \n \n determination,\n \n \n \n \n \n noble gases,\n \n \n \n \n \n code,\n \n \n \n \n \n amino acid,\n \n \n \n \n \n gene,\n \n \n \n \n \n genetic,\n \n \n \n \n \n coke,\n \n \n \n \n \n slag,\n \n \n \n \n \n technique,\n \n \n \n \n \n method,\n \n \n \n \n \n industry,\n \n \n \n \n \n minerals,\n \n \n \n \n \n ores,\n \n \n \n \n \n metals from metal ores,\n \n \n \n \n \n charles,\n \n \n \n \n \n laws.,\n \n \n \n \n \n gas laws. part I,\n \n \n \n \n \n pyrite,\n \n \n \n \n \n sulfur and sulfuric(VI) acid,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrophile,\n \n \n \n \n \n nucleophile,\n \n \n \n \n \n organic reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n Formulae,\n \n \n \n \n \n composition,\n \n \n \n \n \n chemical compounds,\n \n \n \n \n \n ethanoic,\n \n \n \n \n \n fatty,\n \n \n \n \n \n Maxwell-Boltzmann,\n \n \n \n \n \n effect of temperature and catalyst on the reaction rate,\n \n \n \n \n \n Ion,\n \n \n \n \n \n Br\xc3\xb8nsted-Lowry,\n \n \n \n \n \n br\xc3\xb8nsted\xe2\x80\x93lowry,\n \n \n \n \n \n Br\xc3\xb8nsted-Lowry theory of acids and bases,\n \n \n \n \n \n polyatomic,\n \n \n \n \n \n covalent bonding,\n \n \n \n \n \n part II,\n \n \n \n \n \n stare,\n \n \n \n \n \n evaporation,\n \n \n \n \n \n changes of state,\n \n \n \n \n \n deposition,\n \n \n \n \n \n sublimation,\n \n \n \n \n \n resublimation,\n \n \n \n \n \n uses,\n \n \n \n \n \n chalk,\n \n \n \n \n \n concrete,\n \n \n \n \n \n cement,\n \n \n \n \n \n industrial,\n \n \n \n \n \n industrial uses of limestone,\n \n \n \n \n \n reactants,\n \n \n \n \n \n cylinder,\n \n \n \n \n \n tube,\n \n \n \n \n \n beaker,\n \n \n \n \n \n measuring,\n \n \n \n \n \n pipette,\n \n \n \n \n \n handling liquids,\n \n \n \n \n \n relative atomic mass,\n \n \n \n \n \n transition elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n area,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydroxyl,\n \n \n \n \n \n hydration,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkaline,\n \n \n \n \n \n metalloids,\n \n \n \n \n \n alkaline earth metals,\n \n \n \n \n \n group 2,\n \n \n \n \n \n level,\n \n \n \n \n \n neutron,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrostatic,\n \n \n \n \n \n bohr,\n \n \n \n \n \n the bohr model of the atom,\n \n \n \n \n \n substituents,\n \n \n \n \n \n branched,\n \n \n \n \n \n isomerism of alkanes,\n \n \n \n \n \n plates,\n \n \n \n \n \n tectonic plates,\n \n \n \n \n \n lithosphere,\n \n \n \n \n \n geology,\n \n \n \n \n \n oceanic,\n \n \n \n \n \n halogens. group 17,\n \n \n \n \n \n measurement,\n \n \n \n \n \n conductometric,\n \n \n \n \n \n colorimetric,\n \n \n \n \n \n space,\n \n \n \n \n \n argon,\n \n \n \n \n \n solar,\n \n \n \n \n \n uv,\n \n \n \n \n \n transformation,\n \n \n \n \n \n the electron configuration of an atom,\n \n \n \n \n \n standard electrochemical potential,\n \n \n \n \n \n basic,\n \n \n \n \n \n Basic properties of matter,\n \n \n \n \n \n emission,\n \n \n \n \n \n radiation,\n \n \n \n \n \n Bohr,\n \n \n \n \n \n atomic spectra,\n \n \n \n \n \n equivalence,\n \n \n \n \n \n states of matter,\n \n \n \n \n \n plasma,\n \n \n \n \n \n zinc,\n \n \n \n \n \n vanadium,\n \n \n \n \n \n chromium,\n \n \n \n \n \n manganese,\n \n \n \n \n \n cobalt,\n \n \n \n \n \n nickel,\n \n \n \n \n \n oxidation states of transition elements,\n \n \n \n \n \n cfc,\n \n \n \n \n \n sulphur,\n \n \n \n \n \n smog,\n \n \n \n \n \n free energy,\n \n \n \n \n \n exchange,\n \n \n \n \n \n aqua,\n \n \n \n \n \n ligand exchange reactions,\n \n \n \n \n \n amorphous,\n \n \n \n \n \n macromolecular,\n \n \n \n \n \n structure of solids,\n \n \n \n \n \n isobaric,\n \n \n \n \n \n isochoric,\n \n \n \n \n \n isothermal,\n \n \n \n \n \n Gay,\n \n \n \n \n \n Lussac,\n \n \n \n \n \n extraction of metals,\n \n \n \n \n \n continuous,\n \n \n \n \n \n flame,\n \n \n \n \n \n spectrum,\n \n \n \n \n \n continuous and line spectra,\n \n \n \n \n \n order,\n \n \n \n \n \n zero,\n \n \n \n \n \n first,\n \n \n \n \n \n methods,\n \n \n \n \n \n graphical,\n \n \n \n \n \n effect of concentration on the reaction rate,\n \n \n \n \n \n graphical methods,\n \n \n \n \n \n stone,\n \n \n \n \n \n material,\n \n \n \n \n \n slate,\n \n \n \n \n \n quartzite,\n \n \n \n \n \n circulation,\n \n \n \n \n \n gneiss,\n \n \n \n \n \n metamorphic rocks and circulation of rock material,\n \n \n \n \n \n Lewis,\n \n \n \n \n \n acid-base reactions of metal ions,\n \n \n \n \n \n ring,\n \n \n \n \n \n nitratio,\n \n \n \n \n \n Friedel-Crafts,\n \n \n \n \n \n Electrophilic substitution,\n \n \n \n \n \n voltaic cells,\n \n \n \n \n \n igneous rocks,\n \n \n \n \n \n magma,\n \n \n \n \n \n igneous,\n \n \n \n \n \n extrusive,\n \n \n \n \n \n ocean,\n \n \n \n \n \n oceans,\n \n \n \n \n \n plankton,\n \n \n \n \n \n marine,\n \n \n \n \n \n salinity,\n \n \n \n \n \n phytoplankton,\n \n \n \n \n \n ideal,\n \n \n \n \n \n motion,\n \n \n \n \n \n gas laws,\n \n \n \n \n \n Brownian,\n \n \n \n \n \n voltage,\n \n \n \n \n \n battery,\n \n \n \n \n \n accumulators,\n \n \n \n \n \n electrochemical cells,\n \n \n \n \n \n river,\n \n \n \n \n \n fresh,\n \n \n \n \n \n cave,\n \n \n \n \n \n waters,\n \n \n \n \n \n natural waters,\n \n \n \n \n \n simple,\n \n \n \n \n \n giant,\n \n \n \n \n \n simple and giant molecular solids,\n \n \n \n \n \n Mohs,\n \n \n \n \n \n paper,\n \n \n \n \n \n glass,\n \n \n \n \n \n waste,\n \n \n \n \n \n environment,\n \n \n \n \n \n nuclear,\n \n \n \n \n \n plastic,\n \n \n \n \n \n dioxins,\n \n \n \n \n \n Pollution of land,\n \n \n \n \n \n evaporate,\n \n \n \n \n \n early,\n \n \n \n \n \n Dalton,\n \n \n \n \n \n theories,\n \n \n \n \n \n Democritus,\n \n \n \n \n \n early atomic theories,\n \n \n \n \n \n stratosphere,\n \n \n \n \n \n the atmosphere,\n \n \n \n \n \n toxic,\n \n \n \n \n \n nitric,\n \n \n \n \n \n corrosive,\n \n \n \n \n \n ammonia and nitric acid,\n \n \n \n \n \n development,\n \n \n \n \n \n rays,\n \n \n \n \n \n development of atomic theory,\n \n \n \n \n \n sugar,\n \n \n \n \n \n diet,\n \n \n \n \n \n polysaccharides,\n \n \n \n \n \n sugars,\n \n \n \n \n \n Fats and sugars,\n \n \n \n \n \n variation,\n \n \n \n \n \n polarity,\n \n \n \n \n \n electronegativity and polarity,\n \n \n \n \n \n transmittion,\n \n \n \n \n \n pollution of air uc_c5_l102,\n \n \n \n \n \n amine,\n \n \n \n \n \n analytical tests in organic chemistry,\n \n \n \n \n \n freezing,\n \n \n \n \n \n expansion,\n \n \n \n \n \n accompanying,\n \n \n \n \n \n physical changes accompanying heating and cooling,\n \n \n \n \n \n Kekule,\n \n \n \n \n \n three,\n \n \n \n \n \n DNA,\n \n \n \n \n \n dimensional,\n \n \n \n \n \n helix,\n \n \n \n \n \n nucleic,\n \n \n \n \n \n quaternary,\n \n \n \n \n \n proteins and nucleic acids,\n \n \n \n \n \n elements of group 17,\n \n \n \n \n \n transmition,\n \n \n \n \n calorimetry,\n \n \n \n enthalpy change and calorimetry,\n \n \n \n probability,\n \n \n \n entropy,\n \n \n \n spontaneity,\n \n \n \n pollution of air uc_c5_l102\n \n \n

\n
\n'